Adonis Steel

i m your horny guy

hey if is somting to tell about me is just one tinck i m alweys horny and i need a guy horny like me . my sexual apettite can t be satisfied. All time i want more sex and more wen a i have a cum i m already preper for a other! i m a sex machine ready to meke you to feel the moust great plesure in the world . I m here for all guys noting is to wierdfor me i have a open mind and a hot body. I tinck just abouth 1 thing sex and more sex. I ma a guy with a young and hot body made for your fantesy , THe perfect combination between face becouse i have a prety face and bod i haev a nice hot muscular body and a hairy cock ready for your ass> of course don t froget my nice virgin round and sexy ass ,May ass weiting for a perfect guy to try me(K) .So guys don t weist the time is special and never come back . Come to have fun with me now:) i m here for you don t froget Adonis_steel is your next dor man . I wish you and i will made for you a lott of live orgasm so don t froget me with love and kisses Adonis

A huge cumshot load

Hi guys today i just wana sai i m on of the model ho do alive cum shot i nevr do a fake so come in a ahow with me and you will see the best cums shot ! i weit for yoy guys.i wish to be with a guy ho is always sweet and nice , a gentile guy but willd in bed ...I want to fulfill all your desires..I'll be the one who will climb u on top of the world.. i will meke u fly and fill like be in heven i be your lovely adonis .i want a man with a open man to talck about anytimg and to do everyting we have in mind..I will be your sweet relief and I'll make you forget the rest of the world.to know happiness must to know me and you will not need anything else . I'll be your life purpose and ui will be mine.together we achieve amazing pleasures and like yng and yang we l be a 1 bogy and 1 mind.. i weiting for u my lover boy i will be here for your all desires..together we will achieve our goal, and we will not know what's loneliness and insecurity. I m ready to do that live cumshot let s play guys!!

Time for fun and free time!

hi friends the holidays are clouse so everibody can have fun and get relax. i was at gym and i wrck my chest and biceps very hard today , i do a lot of exercise and i m tierd i need some relax with my friend maybe a great cum becous i m horny like hell..After a train like that i need to fuck a lott i m full with positeve karma i m no t bad i m alwey nice becouse i like good;)Come to mee and you will see what nice guy i m and will feel great togetter;)we have all day to know ws better and have a lott of fun becouse i m here to meke you to feel the best plesure in the world. Is a perfect day for a relaxing moment is cold outhside in house warm and is perfect for hot moments . i m here and i weit for all my friends i hope to know today a lott of horny guys:) maybe same horny like i m becouse i m horny like a full bull here:D. is the period wen everibody is prepare for the holidays and the hormons are in the air :) i m very curious to know more guys with a lott of fantesy and i will try to bo everiting to meke everybody to feel great in my company;) with a huge sex apetit i m all yours guys;)

A new week , new fun time

Hi friends a new week is here and that meen a new time to have fun togetter , yesterday i was in a bead mode so i was in bed all day but now i m online and i feel good .I hope to have a lott of cums togay beacouse i m full with energy bu t is fine we can find somting to do:) we power of love to becous that is fee can stey and talck in home here on f4f .. becouse in a day like that i will,be online alll time:) that is fuck time we can ahve a lott of cums today a lott of plesure le t the fire oh orgasm to covrer you:) i feel horny here ready to explor your body ready to be explored by you:D ... i m here to meke you to feel the real plseure lets have some fun becouse i m so ready to explode here... my balls are so full that wil meke you to see a really huge load and my cock will be on your taste ass;) let s do that guys i m here for yours plesure:). with love your horny and lovely Adonis Steel..Amd i wear a sexy boxer today and apir of sexy jeans come to undress me fast don t let the time go that is your chance to find me:). And if you want you can feel thel we the air is cold come and lets get hot guys:)

End of the weekend

HEllo friends today is the last day of this weekend. so i whant everibody to come to feel great togetter so if you are my guy come to feel great togetter,eek is start let s start in power .today i wana sai on my blog what kind of guy i like... i wish to be with a guy ho is always sweet and nice , a gentile guy but willd in bed ...I want to fulfill all your desires..I'll be the one who will climb u on top of the world.. i will meke u fly and fill like be in heven i be your lovely adonis .i want a man with a open man to talck about anytimg and to do everyting we have in mind..I will be your sweet relief and I'll make you forget the rest of the world.to know happiness must to know me and you will not need anything else . I'll be your life purpose and ui will be mine.together we achieve amazing pleasures and like yng and yang we l be a 1 bogy and 1 mind.. i weiting for u my lover boy i will be here for your all desires..together we will achieve our goal, and we will not know what's loneliness and insecurity..all this will be a myth.I'm a nice guy and lover boy fond of peace and love between two men if u wana have all of this just come to find me. With a lott of love your Adonis steel. A lott of sweet kisses and hugs ::*:*:*:. i weiting for u take me now, love and kisses ADonis

heyy saturday

hey my lovers and friends a nice first day of weekend..Today i feeal great and i m veru tirsty for some love . I m horny and fresh i just come home for the gym i worck my arm and abds so i m pump up and hot for all horny guys here.. my body is fulL with desires and i m very OPEN TO ALL FANTESY. If you feel the moment fosr some action i m here weiting for you and for your body beciuse my body is very houngry for some love.. my hart expode and my maind is full with exciting desires:). I guess everybody is free and don t tinck abouth worck .. all guys want some relax today becouse is a perfect day for a great cum:)My balls are full today becouse i don t have a cum for 3 days so i m ready to exploude in any moment if you wii come to feel conection betuen owers body:)I m online for all full of sex desires guys all:) day.Come to take your huge load now. I stey in my bed in boxers so come to enjoy:).With love your sexy young turk Adonis steel alweys here to meke you to feel the hot sex fantesy come true:)

weekend is coming:)

hi my friends in finaly the weekend come.everyone is free and can stay in the house. It's a perfect time for a little relaxation. after all the hard work.All this time I will be home to be with my friends.I'm ready for a hot weekend, I'll wait naked and horny to give free rein to fantasies. No one and nothing can stop us this fire of passion that surrounds us. I'll be careful to do all cravings and feel in seventh heaven. My hot body will make you can not resist the urge to be with meI will prepare all their weapons to make you have an orgasm dream and you do not want it to end. My body will give you the most unsuspected slot. And my angelic face will make you want a thousand kisses.This is all we can do together if you come to me. I'm sure you know that you can float. Your student hot that wants to make you happy. Come to me and you have the perfect ejaculation. With love and joy your friend Adonis. i m sure you know i m the only guy for you and nobody can stop me to be here for you every day and every time wen you nfeel alone and you want a guy to play with you i m here si come and get me and my hot bbody. my cok is ready for you!

i Wish a great tanksgiving day for all

Hi my friends i know today is a very importand day for all , and i propouse to feel great togetter,, i see today becous is a important day the flirt4free meke great discount that sound good becouse all of you in your free time can come to have a nice fun here with a nice guy.. today i will try to be online all day becouse i wana meke a very relaxed day for everybody:).. i will try to be on your top wishes and meke all yours phantesy to be true.I just know the all usa is in a huge pary today .. and i m ready to suport all guys with my nice face and my hot young body.. all my mind will worck in harmony with my body for you.. the all my hormons are in a verry up level to meke you to feel me for real , wen you will come in my page you will be i n my room for real. I m sure you will feel that conection betuen ws and your body will be couse to my body if you give me all of your atention. and we can meke love all day .. I m sure you are ready to take and have the perfect orgasm in all mode

A Relaxing Moment

Hi all my friends i was at gym and i wrck my back and abds very hard today , i do a lot of exercise and i m tierd i need some relax with my friend maybe a great cum becous i m horny like hell..After a train like that i need to fuck a lott i m full with positeve karma i m no t bad i m alwey nice becouse i like good;)Come to mee and you will see what nice guy i m and will feel great togetter;)we have all day to know ws better and have a lott of fun becouse i m here to meke you to feel the best plesure in the world. Is a perfect day for a relaxing moment is cold outhside in house warm and is perfect for hot moments . i m here and i weit for all my friends i hope to know today a lott of horny guys:) maybe same horny like i m becouse i m horny like a full bull here:D. is the period wen everibody is prepare for the holidays and the hormons are in the air :) i m very curious to know more guys with a lott of fantesy and i will try to bo everiting to meke everybody to feel great in my company;) with a huge sex apetit i m all yours guys;)

fuck fuck let s fuck

hey people a rain day ... that meens a day wen u need to stey in home that meke me very sad i hate rin.. bu t is fine we can find somting to do:) we can stey and talck in home here on f4f .. becouse in a day like that i will,be online alll time:) that is fuck time we can ahve a lott of cums today a lott of plesure le t the fire oh orgasm to covrer you:) i feel horny here ready to explor your body ready to be explored by you:D ... i m here to meke you to feel the real plseure lets have some fun becouse i m so ready to explode here... my balls are so full that wil meke you to see a really huge load and my cock will be on your taste ass;) let s do that guys i m here for yours plesure:). with love your horny and lovely Adonis Steel..Amd i wear a sexy boxer today and apir of sexy jeans come to undress me fast don t let the time go that is your chance to find me:). And if you want you can feel the power of love to becous that is feel we the air is cold come and lets get hot guys:)

YOU can , noting imosible;)

hey my friends i wish to all a great day amd a lott of fun;) ohh yes that fun you can getit if you come in my page i will meke you to feel the moust greates plesyre ever;):)Some guys told me hey adonis you look go good so athletick, how you can look so good?.. that put me to tinck and guys i ansuer honest is no much secrets is just 1 tinck is the train .. id you have some ambition and that is a realy important tinck in live you can look like me or much better is simple with some motivation and ambition you can train yourself and improve your soul mind and body;) and if you have soem discipline in your life you will be perfect ., Abouth me i just start in next sumer all guys will see how look a realy Adonis hehhe and i m honest that is my scoupe to be more and more bigger , good, kind , and all to meke ypou to feel more confortabel and have more fun ,Let s see what i got come and enjoy me in my page i m every day online:)with love Adonis

Adonis your guy next dor

Hi guys i m so hape today yesterday my day was full and 12 houers i was online with all my friends here. today is the end of the weeckend and i want to feel great with all my guys, let s do a great party and let ouers minds to exlpore 100 of phantesy.. i fell great and powerful and full withy energy to meke you to feel the moust greates plesure in the world . if u feel alone i m here i will be your friend , if u wana talck with sombody i m here, if you are horny my body will serve you, and my cock will meke you to feel hot senzation and great orgasm full with plesure, i m a 19 years hot and beautiful stud i meke you horny just with 1 look i meke you cum in 1 second i m all your dreams and i can be treue;) come and enjoy me don t be shy my dor is opend my pants are open to! come to take me with all my soul and love , my heart is full with love and my body full with desires;) come to be clouser to fell my body and teste my sweet kisses, i will be your lover , weit for you Adonis a lovely guy but thaf like steel;)

Ho i m

hello today i wana sai more abouth me:D i will let all world to know me better and i m open my maind and my sould for you guys all my friend here . let s start i m a 19 years old horny boy with a mind full of fantesy and a heart full of love i m adept of pece i don t like war and i don t fight with nobody. i like a lott of tincks bu t my favorit in live is sport stell wen i was little i was a fan of sport , i was a rugby player for 6 years bu t i need to stop becouse in a mcach i broke my back and that was the end of rugby for me, but with a lott of ambition and perseveration i have the power to start agien and now i start to go to gym to improve my body to be agien the strong man wat i was.. i m a versatile gay i like bouth plesure hehehe and i wana meet my love and i hope you will can help me i like in moust of tim e to be the top guy to domineit.. i will show you the real top of plesure if u will come to meet me , my real name is ahmad but you ca n tell me adonis:D i m here to show you tha real part of love

Ambition 3

hi guys let s see the last part of my poem Ambition i hope everibody enjoyed:D .. And leaves as security of the future only a hand of criminals. ho lends you money and tell: thats normal.But ilusion of cash incrase the artificial price.It s a pyramidal financial system that stands to drop,Yo keep him alive you got to be his accomplice. is a vicious sircle with vicious beneficiary. it\' s an ilusion ? the welfare that you belive . becouse the world war 3 has already begun!only just we can t see the guns when we are the targets.that s why when rhe little tells you what they really want to say becouse they are scared of you.i open their eyes . to meke them open their mouth to argue with you.I train them , maneuvering i intuit, institutions ideas i contradict TO build character! i build hope , i prepare them for another level. becouse future is diferent , they need diferent mission that the one you have in mind. nI ignore the majority , i represent the rest. With the fi.st up that scream:Enought!!on the streat with my head down? thats what you tink! I was raised in fire , i respond to fire with fire shots!i hope that meke you to tinck more about raeal life no t all is just milck and honey ;), with love and respect ADonis !

Deliric 2 ambition

hello today i will put part to on tha poem:) yesterday i don t was online becouse i was no t so good . And i m waiting a reaply from God wen my boy s eyes will tell me: I understend father becouse was thaf. Becouse i don t have connection, I don t have fame , I don t have condition, But i have a pen , i have a sheet , i have ambition.now that world lisen to me and i open more gates. i want to fight with me , to be able to give ups my fangs.And to fight with us . to trow the robot mask.to open your eyes , so i can tell thta: i will leave the weed and botlle of alcohole, becouse these ones are steling easier when you re stoned and drunk, and schools are empy . they whant you uneducated.you don t like to read?..you are easier to be controled. they whant you to take drugs often , in case you were fithing. And you are pointing to them with your finger.. But who belive a junkie?. they whant you to be gentle , alweys to be wasted, you're harder to be beated when you have a lucid mind. guy s part 3 i will put tomottow with love and kissses Adonis and come to enjoy me online

DEliric

Today i will write a great poem i lovet with all my sould bu t i will write just a part becouse is a long 1.: We were young . we had no fears or enemies , we had no worries or scars. we had semolina , honey bagels at grandparents and a poodle that we fed him stealthily...we hide from each other , we played hide and seek. Now we hide our face , we are playng life.we use to play grous milck till we breking ouer back. now worck breack yours back yo you can have somting to eat.what you take wuth your right you are giveng back with your left. you can stand like stone , you are feeling pressed like the ham. since i grew up i fell targed by everyone. and hinted with fangs, so they can put sticks in my wheels. i used to smile to all, used to talck polite with them Sayng that we all are guilty of being able to..but they told me : you are with head in air. I i thought i was good boy, and they all told me that i was a fool... guy i hope all of u will like that i will write more tomorow kisses adonis

I m here for you!!!

Hello guy a new beautiful day andi m very hapy . A new week is start let s start in power .today i wana sai on my blog what kind of guy i like... i wish to be with a guy ho is always sweet and nice , a gentile guy but willd in bed ...I want to fulfill all your desires..I'll be the one who will climb u on top of the world.. i will meke u fly and fill like be in heven i be your lovely adonis .i want a man with a open man to talck about anytimg and to do everyting we have in mind..I will be your sweet relief and I'll make you forget the rest of the world.to know happiness must to know me and you will not need anything else . I'll be your life purpose and ui will be mine.together we achieve amazing pleasures and like yng and yang we l be a 1 bogy and 1 mind.. i weiting for u my lover boy i will be here for your all desires..together we will achieve our goal, and we will not know what's loneliness and insecurity..all this will be a myth.I'm a nice guy and lover boy fond of peace and love between two men if u wana have all of this just come to find me. With a lott of love your Adonis steel. A lott of sweet kisses and hugs ::*:*:*:. i weiting for u take me now!!!

Horney day

HEllo lovers i just jump of the bed adn i can sai i feall great today , i was very tierd bu t now i m fresh and i can sai Horny is a beautiful day , Last night was some fun here i hope today will be the same becouse i m full baby i m ready to explode i will go to eat somting for some energy adn after i go to meke a shower to be hot , fresh , and clean for my friends , after hmmmm i will come to have soem fun here wiith my lovers. i m so horny i can t belive my dick in that morning was very very hapy hard like steel adn pump up ahehehe, so i wana find a guy to hug me , kisss me , i will hold him so ttight with my strong arms adn after bouth of us will get naked , i will tuch his body him will kiss my neck adn get more and more down to my cock.. i will put you to taket in your lips i will paly with you and u will liket you will suck me deeep and hard .. fell my cock grow up in your mouth get more and more harder u wana fell my cock inside you i torn you and i tuck your ass u lovet get excited scream of plesure and beg me to fuck you .. i will put my cock in your wett asss u are so tight i meke u to get more relaxed i start to fuck you , fell the power of my cock u lovet , u liket u want more i give you harder u want deep i get u deep i meke you scream u wana taste me , u wana fell my milck in your mout u start to scuk me agien ,I will feed you with my cum u suck me harder , faster hmmm i m clouse so clouse u get more deep and more faster , ohhh i full you with my cum , you devor my cum and clean all my cok you lovet and i m glad for that was amazing!

I m yours

kind of guy i like... i wish to be with a guy ho is always sweet and nice , a gentile guy but willd in bed ...I want to fulfill all your desires..I'll be the one who will climb u on top of the world.. i will meke u fly and fill like be in heven i be your lovely adonis .i want a man with a open man to talck about anytimg and to do everyting we have in mind..I will be your sweet relief and I'll make you forget the rest of the world.to know happiness must to know me and you will not need anything else . I'll be your life purpose and ui will be mine.together we achieve amazing pleasures and like yng and yang we l be a 1 bogy and 1 mind.. i weiting for u my lover boy i will be here for your all desires..together we will achieve our goal, and we will not know what's loneliness and insecurity..all this will be a myth.I'm a nice guy and lover boy fond of peace and love between two men if u wana have all of this just come to find me. With a lott of love your Adonis steel. A lott of sweet kisses and hugs ::*:*:*:. i weiting for u take me now!!!

My favorite Food

Hello is new day and i wana talck about nutrition what is nutrition? with what help us and tinck like that .. so let s start, THe nutrition is very important fact to suport life. Many common health problems can be prevented or alleviated with a healthy diet.The diet of an organism is what it eats, which is largely determined by the perceived palatability of foods. If you don t know how to eat healty u need to go to asck a nutritionist .nutritionists are health professionals who focus more specifically on the role of nutrition, For fell good with our bodys we neet to know what is esential to eat , for that i meke a laist:Carbohydrates.Fiber,Fat,Essential fatty acids,Protein,Minerals,Macrominerals( calcium,magnesium,phosporus,potasium, sodium , sulfur , etc)trace minerals,Vitamins,and very importand WATER!!! to be healty we need to eat food ho have special propriety every day, exemple of protein food eggs , milk , ygurt chesses , meat that aliments are very rich in protein bu t of course charbohidrates are a very big surse of energy , the potatoes are a big surse of charbo , cakes and cookies, driet fruits thats are very importatnt for have a healty body and build muscle.. i hope i help some people with that article and i will give more exemple tomorow with love and pece Adonis

Music only meke me stronger

hello people today i wana talck about music .Whatis music and what represent for us Music is an art form whose medium is sound and silence. Its common elements are pitch , rhythm , tempo, meter and dinamics. The creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context. Music ranges from strictly organized compositions through improvisational music to aleatoric forms.To many people in many cultures, music is an important part of their way of life. Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies. Western cultures have had a major influence on the development of music. The history of the music of the Western cultures can be traced back to Ancient Greece times. The music is use and in special therapy my favorite music is hip hop and rap music becouse meke me fell chill and have alweys a mesage i don t like popoular artist with negative mesages just undergownd artis .. and widout music auers life will be empy . The music give us power le t s fell today togeter the power of music:) with love Adonis i weinting for guys ho wana enjoy some music with me:D

Holidays are coming

hey guys what a great day is today i fell great last night i was so nervous becous i can t slep .. to much energy heheheh so people today i waana say the winther holidays will be here soon so i can sai i fell the magic in the air i can bread more easy i fill more good more powerful ,, and i will meke my sould more clean . All of us need to be more good look at your broather see if him is no t in a good position like yoou maybe him don t have eniting to eat and you have to much ... about me i can sai i wana help everybody to meke a world better for all i m agiens rasism , agien material stuff mony the eyes of the devill is with everybody the evil is in all of us ..A we need somting to ge t more clouse of GOD , becouse GOOD is 1 in all religion HIm is the power of life the light of sun the darck of night all of us need to be more confident , more friendly more good and to take care of all people in misery and in bad condition ,i wana sai all of us are human so let s show that the human inside us let escape for bad tinck what we have in head let s fell the magic of haven .. I tell that to me to no just to other people i try to to be more chill and good let s be little agien:D

A regular day for me

Hey today i wana open myself and le t everybody to knoew more about me and i will tell how is a day of ADonis life . Mmmmm so letb s start every day i weck up at 9:oo morning and i take a shower after i meke somting to eat i like to eat a lott becouse the food meke u stronger and bigger my advice is if u wan abuid some muscle and u wana get biger eat , eat , eat more and more is just about that about alimentation and of course don t froget the train if u don t train yourself alot all of that will be just a weist of time:) so after i eat i stey 30 min in bed and i go to gym , in the gym i stey about 2 or 1,30 hours nad i meke a single muscular grop on day .. a soecific train day by day i will talck abouth that in a other day ..Aafter i finish my trainament i meke a showere i go home i taike some supliments , exemple vitamins , minerals , carbo, proteib , creatine sonmting to help me to get on the tom after that ui eat agien somting with more carbo becouse i wana get bigger now .. and i slep 1 hour and i come online to see my friend s here after that wen i finish my program online i eat and ofcourse i sleap hehehe that is a recular day for me .. i invit everybody in my room to talck more about everiting with love Adonis

Impact of the sport

If is something ho represent me that is sport , All my live i do that sport is something what i do every day and i can say i lovet a lott ,from the begining i was full of amition and i can say i wan in topm and was a time wen i have some problem some accidents and i louse everiting.. but that stip me? i tell you no t never i don t know that word to quit... i started agien and agien and evry failure meke me tinck why to end? why i can t be more stronger , why i can t look more better , why others look better den me ..And i have a andsuer they train more, they eat more, they rest more than me .. they have more ambition .. and that meke me tinck i have ambition ? and the ansuer was yes i have a lott and i dedicate all my free time to dat ,, i go to train myself on the playgrownd , on the gym in evry place i can do that .my favorit sport was rugby and is a great spor i was a player for 6 years and i was in the pro but now i quit to that becouse i have a acident.. and i start to go to gym and i have a other sport in my heart that is bodybuilding i like bug guys with huge muscle but is no t my tipe i just wana look good and be athletic and i will talck about atletick train...Athletic training is practiced by athletic trainers, health care professionals who collaborate with physicians to optimize activity and participation of patients and clients. Athletic training encompasses the prevention, diagnosis, and intervention of emergency, acute and chronic medical conditions involving impairment, functional limitations and disabilities.. for that u neet to do a special diet bu t the true is i eat everiting becouse my scoupe now is to grow muscle come in my page and meke a train with me i weit fpor u ADonis:)

Where is the love?

what can i say today i wana rite somting about the time ho go very fast , about the special day ho will be come very soon and about the semnification of this day.. i see every day somting is changing the afection , poilte, gentil and sweeet stuf are mising day by day what we will do to chance that ... i don t know bu t i tinck we need to be more good inside.. the solds need to be open with some warm the winther holidays are clouse and i guess that have a special semnification the people neeed to be more goon and the evil tincks are need to gooo far of us ... we need to be more lovely and more kind to give a exemple for all world wee need to do somting to change that we need more love ..and i seee that day by day and i try to do somting i clouse my eyes wen somebody want fight and i open my arms wen sombody want love i m here to give a warm hug and sweet kisss like candy i m here to meke your wishes to me true and to don t fell u alone i m your guy next dorr wen u fell alone u will have me wen u wana have somting to tell and is nobody with u you have me... pece and love:)

history

HistoryThe documented history of athletic training began in 1950 with the foundation of the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA).[4] According to Alexis Kragenbrink, a writer for LiveStrong.com, it was believed that athletic trainers were first recognized at the Olympic games in the early 20th century to aid athletes when they sustained injuries.[5] In the United States, athletic trainers were more widely recognized when intercollegiate and interscholastic sports began.[6] The first major text on athletic training and the care of athletic injuries was called The Trainer's Bible written in 1917 by S. E. Bilik.[7] Early athletic trainers had "no technical knowledge, their athletic training techniques usually consisted of a rub, the application of some type of counterirritant, and occasionally the prescription of various home remedies and poultices".[8] In 1920, the Cramer family started a line of products used by athletic trainers and wrote a book in 1932 entitled First Aider.[9]The first athletic training curriculum approved by NATA was in 1959 and the amount of athletic training programs began to grow throughout colleges and universities in the United States. In the early development of the major, athletic training was geared more towards prepping the student for teaching at the secondary level, emphasizing on health and physical education. This program was first introduced at an undergraduate level in 1969 to the schools of Mankato State University, Indiana State University, Lamar University, and the University of New Mexico.[10]Through the years athletic training has evolved to be defined as "health care professionals who specialize in preventing, recognizing, managing, and rehabilitating injures". During the 1970s the NATA Professional Education Committee formed a list of objectives to define athletic training as a major course of study and to eliminate it as a secondary-level teaching credential. By June 1982, there were nine NATA-approved graduate athletic training education programs. On July 1, 1986, this work was used to implement athletic training as a major course of study in at least 10 colleges and universities, and to only start the development of the major in a handful of others.[11]Once athletic training was recognized as an allied health profession the process of accrediting programs began. NATA's Professional Education Committee (PEC) was the first to take on this role of approving athletic training educational programs. The AMA's Committee on Allied Health Education and Accreditation (CAHEA) was given the responsibility in 1993 to develop requirements for the programs of entry-level athletic trainers. At this time all programs had to go through the CAHEA accreditation process. A year later CAHEA was broken up and replaced with the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP), which then lead the accreditation process. In 2003 JRC-AT, Joint Review Committee on Athletic Training completely took over the process and became an independent accrediting agency like all other allied health professions had. Three years later JRC-AT officially became the Committee for Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE),[12] which is fully in charge of accrediting athletic training programs in the United States. NATA produced the NATABOC in 1969 in order to implement a certification process for the profession for an entry-level athletic trainer. In 1989, became an independent non-profit corporation and soon later changed its name to the Board of Certification (BOC).[13]

Female bodybuilding

The first U.S. Women's National Physique Championship, promoted by Henry McGhee and held in Canton, Ohio in 1978, is generally regarded as the first true female bodybuilding contest - that is, the first contest where the entrants were judged solely on muscularity.[10] In 1980 the first Ms. Olympia (initially known as the "Miss" Olympia), the most prestigious contest for professionals, was held. The first winner was Rachel McLish who had also won the NPC's USA Championship earlier in the year. The contest was a major turning point for the sport of women's bodybuilding. McLish inspired many future competitors to start training and competing. In 1985, a movie called Pumping Iron II: The Women was released. This film documented the preparation of several women for the 1983 Caesars Palace World Cup Championship. Competitors prominently featured in the film were Kris Alexander, Lori Bowen,Lydia Cheng, Carla Dunlap, Bev Francis, and Rachel McLish. At the time, Francis was actually a powerlifter, though she soon made a successful transition to bodybuilding, becoming one of the leading competitors of the late 1980s and early 1990s.In recent years, the related areas of fitness and figure competition have gained in popularity, surpassing that of female bodybuilding, and have provided an alternative for women who choose not to develop the level of muscularity necessary for bodybuilding. Rachel McLish would closely resemble what is thought of today as a fitness and figure competitor instead of what is now considered a female bodybuilder. Fitness competitions also have a gymnastic element to them.

Overtraining

OvertrainingMain article: OvertrainingOvertraining occurs when a bodybuilder has trained to the point where his workload exceeds his recovery capacity. There are many reasons that overtraining occurs, including lack of adequate nutrition, lack of recovery time between workouts, insufficient sleep, and training at a high intensity for too long (a lack of splitting apart workouts). Training at a high intensity too frequently also stimulates the central nervous system (CNS) and can result in a hyper-adrenergic state that interferes with sleep patterns.[39] To avoid overtraining, intense frequent training must be met with at least an equal amount of purposeful recovery. Timely provision of carbohydrates, proteins, and various micronutrients such as vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, even nutritional supplements are acutely critical.It has been argued that overtraining can be beneficial. One article published by Muscle & Fitness magazine stated that you can "Overtrain for Big Gains". It suggested that if one is planning a restful holiday and they do not wish to inhibit their bodybuilding lifestyle too much, they should overtrain before taking the holiday, so the body can rest easily and recuperate and grow. Overtraining can be used advantageously, as when a bodybuilder is purposely overtrained for a brief period of time to super compensate during a regeneration phase. These are known as "shock micro-cycles" and were a key training technique used by Soviet athletes.[40] However, the vast majority of overtraining that occurs in average bodybuilders is generally unplanned and completely unnecessary.[41]

performance enhancing substances

Performance enhancing substancesSome bodybuilders use drugs such as anabolic steroids and precursor substances such as prohormones to increase muscle hypertrophy. Anabolic steroids cause muscle hypertrophy of both types (I and II) of muscle fibers caused likely by an increased synthesis of muscle proteins and are accompanied with undesired side effects including hepatotoxicity, gynecomastia, acne, male pattern baldness and a decline in the body's own testosterone production, which can cause testicular atrophy.[32][33][34] Other performance enhancing substances used by competitive bodybuilders include human growth hormone (HGH), which can cause acromegaly.Muscle growth is more difficult to achieve in older adults than younger adults because of biological aging, which leads to many metabolic changes detrimental to muscle growth; for instance, by diminishing growth hormone and testosterone. Some recent clinical studies have shown that low-dose HGH treatment for adults with HGH deficiency changes the body composition by increasing muscle mass, decreasing fat mass, increasing bone density and muscle strength, improves cardiovascular parameters, and affects the quality of life without significant side effects.[3RestAlthough muscle stimulation occurs in the gym (or home gym) when lifting weights, muscle growth occurs afterward during rest. Without adequate rest and sleep (7 to 8 hours), muscles do not have an opportunity to recover and build. About eight hours of sleep a night is desirable for the bodybuilder to be refreshed, although this varies from person to person.[38] Additionally, many athletes find a daytime nap further increases their body's ability to build muscle.

meals and dietary supplements

MealsBodybuilders often split their food intake for the day into 5 to 7 meals of roughly equal nutritional content and attempt to eat at regular intervals (e.g. every 2 to 3 hours). This method can serve two purposes: to limit overindulging in the cutting phase, and to physically allow for the consumption of large volumes of food during the bulking phase. Contrary to popular belief, eating more frequently does not increase basal metabolic rate when compared to the traditional 3 meals a day. While food does have a metabolic cost to digest, absorb, and store, called the thermic effect of food, it depends on the quantity and type of food, not how the food is spread across the meals of the day. Well-controlled studies using whole-body calorimetry and doubly labeled water have demonstrated that there is no metabolic advantage to eating more frequently.[27][28][29]Dietary supplementsMain article: Bodybuilding supplementThe important role of nutrition in building muscle and losing fat means bodybuilders may consume a wide variety of dietary supplements.[30] Various products are used in an attempt to augment muscle size, increase the rate of fat loss, improve joint health, increase natural testosterone production, enhance training performance and prevent potential nutrient deficiencies. There are three major macronutrients that the human body needs in order for muscle building. The major nutrients-protein, carbohydrate, and fat-provide the body with energy

Protein

ProteinProtein milkshakes, made from protein powder (center) and milk (left), are a common bodybuilding supplement.The motor proteins actin and myosin generate the forces exerted by contracting muscles. Current advice says that bodybuilders should consume 25-30% of protein per total calorie intake to further their goal of maintaining and improving their body composition.[21] This is a widely debated topic, with many arguing that 1 gram of protein per pound of body weight per day is ideal, some suggesting that less is sufficient, while others recommending 1.5, 2, or more.[22] It is believed that protein needs to be consumed frequently throughout the day, especially during/after a workout, and before sleep.[23] There is also some debate concerning the best type of protein to take. Chicken, turkey, beef, pork, fish, eggs and dairy foods are high in protein, as are some nuts, seeds, beans and lentils. Casein or whey are often used to supplement the diet with additional protein. Whey protein is the type of protein contained in many popular brands of protein supplements, and is preferred by many bodybuilders because of its high Biological Value (BV) and quick absorption rates. Bodybuilders are usually thought to require protein with a higher BV than that of soy, which is additionally avoided due to its claimed estrogenic properties. Still, some nutrition experts believe that soy, flax seeds and many other plants that contain the weak estrogen-like compounds or phytoestrogens can be used beneficially, as phytoestrogens compete with estrogens for receptor sites in the male body and can block its actions. This can also include some inhibition of pituitary functions while stimulating the P450 system (the system that eliminates hormones, drugs and metabolic waste product from the body) in the liver to more actively process and excrete excess estrogen.[24][25] Cortisol decreases amino acid uptake by muscle, and inhibits protein synthesis.[26]Some bodybuilders, such as Patrik Baboumian and Robert Cheeke follow a strict vegan diet.

nutrition carbo

a big part of nutrition are the carbohydrates..the give for your body the energy necesare for trainament..CarbohydratesCarbohydrates play an important role for bodybuilders. Carbohydrates give the body energy to deal with the rigors of training and recovery. Carbohydrates also promote Bodybuilders use three main strategies to maximize muscle hypertrophy: Strength training through weights or elastic/hydraulic resistance Specialized nutrition, incorporating extra protein[citation needed] and supplements when necessary Adequate rest, including sleep and recuperation between workoutssecretion of insulin, a hormone enabling cells to get the glucose they need. Insulin also carries amino acids into cells and promotes protein synthesis.[18] Insulin has steroid-like effects in terms of muscle gains.[citation needed] It is impossible to promote protein synthesis without the existence of insulin, and which means without carbohydrates, it is impossible to add muscle mass.[19] Bodybuilders seek out low-glycemic polysaccharides and other slowly digesting carbohydrates, which release energy in a more stable fashion than high-glycemic sugars and starches. This is important as high-glycemic carbohydrates cause a sharp insulin response, which places the body in a state where it is likely to store additional food energy as fat. However, bodybuilders frequently do ingest some quickly digesting sugars (often in form of pure dextrose or maltodextrin) after a workout. This may help to replenish glycogen stores within the muscle, and to stimulate muscle protein synthesis.[20]Protein

meals and nutrition

MealsBodybuilders often split their food intake for the day into 5 to 7 meals of roughly equal nutritional content and attempt to eat at regular intervals (e.g. every 2 to 3 hours). This method can serve two purposes: to limit overindulging in the cutting phase, and to physically allow for the consumption of large volumes of food during the bulking phase. Contrary to popular belief, eating more frequently does not increase basal metabolic rate when compared to the traditional 3 meals a day. While food does have a metabolic cost to digest, absorb, and store, called the thermic effect of food, it depends on the quantity and type of food, not how the food is spread across the meals of the day. Well-controlled studies using whole-body calorimetry and doubly labeled water have demonstrated that there is no metabolic advantage to eating more frequently.[27][28][29]NutritionThe high levels of muscle growth and repair achieved by bodybuilders require a specialized diet. Generally speaking, bodybuilders require more calories than the average person of the same weight to provide the protein and energy requirements needed to support their training and increase muscle mass. A sub-maintenance level of food energy is combined with cardiovascular exercise to lose body fat in preparation for a contest. The ratios of food energy from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats vary depending on the goals of the bodybuilder.[17]

weight training

Weight trainingMain articles: Weight training and Strength trainingWeight training causes micro-tears to the muscles being trained [14][citation needed]; this is generally known as microtrauma. These micro-tears in the muscle contribute to the soreness felt after exercise, called delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). It is the repair to these micro-trauma that result in muscle growth. Normally, this soreness becomes most apparent a day or two after a workout. However, as muscles become adapted to the exercises, soreness tends to decrease.[15]Weight training aims to build muscle by prompting two different types of hypertrophy: sarcoplasmic hypertrophy and myofibrillar hypertrophy. Sarcoplasmic hypertrophy leads to larger muscles and so is favored by bodybuilders more than myofibrillar hypertrophy which builds athletic strength. Sarcoplasmic hypertrophy is triggered by increasing repetitions, whereas myofibrillar hypertrophy is triggered by lifting heavier weight.[16] In either case, there is an increase in size and strength of the muscles (compared to if that same individual does not lift weights at all). However, the emphasis is different.Many trainees like to cycle between the two methods in order to prevent the body from adapting (maintaining a progressive overload), possibly emphasizing whichever method more suits their goals. I.e, a bodybuilder will use sarcoplasmic hypertrophy most of the time, but may change to myofibrillar hypertrophy temporarily in order to move past a plateau. However, no real evidence has been provided to show that trainees ever reach this plateau, and rather was more of a hype created from 'muscular confusion.'

pre competition

Pre-competitionIn the week leading up to a contest, bodybuilders may decrease their consumption of water, sodium and carbohydrates, the former two to alter how water is retained by the body and the latter to reduce glycogen in the muscle. The day before the show, water is removed from the diet, and diuretics may be introduced, while carbohydrate loading to increase the size of the muscles through replenishment of their glycogen. The goal is to maximize leanness and increase the visibility of veins, or \"vascularity.\" The appearance of veins is further enhanced immediately before appearing on stage by darkening the skin through tanning products, and applying oils to the skin to increase shine. Some competitors will eat sugar-rich foods to increase the visibility of their veins. A final step is the use of weights to fill the muscles with blood and further increase their size.Muscle growthBodybuilders use three main strategies to maximize muscle hypertrophy:Strength training through weights or elastic/hydraulic resistanceSpecialized nutrition, incorporating extra protein[citation needed] and supplements when necessaryAdequate rest, including sleep and recuperation between workouts.Clean bulkingMany non-competitive bodybuilders choose not to adopt the conventional strategy, as it often results in significant unwanted fat gain during the "bulking" phase. The attempt to increase muscle mass in one's body without any gain in fat is called clean bulking. Competitive bodybuilders focus their efforts to achieve a peak appearance during a brief "competition season".[citation needed]Dirty bulking"Dirty bulking" is the process of eating at a caloric surplus, without finding the exact number macronutrients (carbs, fats, and proteins). Weight lifters who are attempting to gain mass quickly often choose to use the "dirty bulk" method.

competition

In competitive bodybuilding, bodybuilders aspire to develop and maintain an aesthetically pleasing body and balanced physique.[11][12] In prejudging, competitors do a series of mandatory poses - the front lat spread, the rear lat spread, the front double biceps, the back double biceps, the side chest, the side triceps, the Most Muscular (men only), and the thigh-abdominal pose. Each competitor also performs a routine to display the physique. A posedown is usually held at the end of a posing round, while judges are finishing their scoring. Bodybuilders spend time practicing their posing, since they are judged on it.In contrast to strongman or powerlifting competitions where physical strength is important, or to Olympic weightlifting, where the main point is equally split between strength and technique, bodybuilding competitions typically emphasize condition, size and symmetry. Different organizations emphasize particular aspects of competition, and sometimes have different categories in which to compete.Cutting and bulkingThe general strategy adopted by most present-day competitive bodybuilders is to make muscle gains for most of the year (known as the "off-season") and approximately 12-14 weeks from competition attempt to lose body fat (referred to as "cutting"). The bulking phase entails remaining in a net positive energy balance (calorie surplus). The amount of a surplus that a person remains in is based on the person's goals, as a bigger surplus and longer bulking phase will create more fat tissue. The surplus of calories relative to one's energy balance will ensure that muscles remain in a state of anabolism. The cutting phase entails remaining in a net negative energy balance (calorie deficit). The main goal of cutting is to oxidize fat but also to preserve as much muscle as possible. The larger the calorie deficit, the faster one will lose weight. However, a large calorie deficit will also create the risk of losing muscle tissue.[13]The precise effectiveness of the cutting and bulking strategy is unknown, with only limited observational case studies on the subject. No studies involving precise hypercaloric feeding combined with resistance exercise have been conducted.

recent developments

Olympic sport discussionIn the early 2000s, the IFBB was attempting to make bodybuilding an Olympic sport. It obtained full IOC membership in 2000 and was attempting to get approved as a demonstration event at the Olympics which would hopefully lead to it being added as a full contest. This did not happen. Olympic recognition for bodybuilding remains controversial since many argue that bodybuilding is not a sport.[ .In 2003, Joe Weider sold Weider Publications to AMI, which owns The National Enquirer. The position of president of the IFBB was filled by Rafael Santonja following the death of Ben Weider in October 2008. In 2004, contest promoter Wayne DeMilia broke ranks with the IFBB and AMI took over the promotion of the Mr. Olympia contest. Other professional contests emerged in this period, most notably the Arnold Classic and Night of Champions, as well as the European Grand Prix of Bodybuilding.In the 1990s and the early 21st century, patterns of consumption and recreation similar to those of the United States became more widespread in Europe and especially in Eastern Europe following the collapse of the Soviet Union. This resulted in the emergence of whole new populations of bodybuilders emerged from former Eastern bloc states.

ANABOLIC STEROID

Anabolic/Androgenic Steroid UseRonnie Coleman 8 x Mr. Olympia - 2009This period also saw the rise of anabolic steroids used both in bodybuilding and many other sports. In bodybuilding lore, this is partly attributed to the rise of "mass monsters", beginning with Arnold Schwarzenegger, Sergio Oliva and Lou Ferrigno in the late 1960s and early 1970s and continuing in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s with Lee Haney, Dorian Yates, Ronnie Coleman and Markus Ruhl. Also the emergence of bodybuilders such as Greg Kovacs, Paul DeMayo and Victor Richards who, while not being particularly successful at the pro level, attained mass and size at levels that were not seen previously.Arnold Schwarzenegger at the time of shooting the movie that brought body building to life, "Pumping Iron" he never said that he did steroids to increase his winning chance but said you have to do anything you can to get the advantage in competition. But in later interviews he admitted to it and even said he does not regret using anything. This was a huge impact at the time because Arnold was the face of bodybuilding at the time and is still considered by some to be the best to ever do the sport.[7]To combat this, and in the hopes of becoming a member of the IOC, the IFBB introduced doping tests for both steroids and other banned substances. Although doping tests occurred, the majority of professional bodybuilders still used anabolic steroids for competition. During the 1970s the use of anabolic steroids was openly discussed partly due to the fact they were legal.[8] However the U.S. Congress in the Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 1990 placed anabolic steroids into Schedule III of the Controlled substance act (CSA). Similarly in Canada, steroids were added to the Criminal Code of Canada as a Class IV controlled substance (that class was created expressly for steroids).

world bodibuilding federation

World Bodybuilding FederationWBF LogoMain article: World Bodybuilding FederationIn 1990, wrestling promoter Vince McMahon announced he was forming a new bodybuilding organization, the World Bodybuilding Federation (WBF). McMahon wanted to bring WWF-style showmanship and bigger prize money to the sport of bodybuilding. A number of IFBB stars were recruited but the roster was never very large, with the same athletes competing; the most notable winner and first WBF champion was Gary Strydom. McMahon formally dissolved the WBF in July 1992. Reasons for this probably included lack of income from the pay-per-view broadcasts of the WBF contests, slow sales of the WBF's magazine Bodybuilding Lifestyles (which later became WBF Magazine), and the expense of paying multiple 6-figure contracts as well as producing two TV shows and a monthly magazine.

notable early bodybuilders

Notable early bodybuildersMany other important bodybuilders in the early history of bodybuilding prior to 1930 include: Earle Liederman (writer of some of the earliest bodybuilding instruction books), Zishe Breitbart, Georg Hackenschmidt, Emy Nkemena, George F. Jowett, Finn Hateral (a pioneer in the art of posing), Frank Saldo, Monte Saldo, William Bankier, Launceston Elliot, Sig Klein, Sgt. Alfred Moss, Joe Nordquist, Lionel Strongfort (Strongfortism),[5] Gustav Fristensky (the Czech champion), Ralph Parcaut, a champion wrestler who also authored an early book on "physical culture," and Alan P. Mead, who became an impressive muscle champion despite the fact that he lost a leg in World War I. Actor Francis X. Bushman started his career as a bodybuilder and sculptor's model before beginning his famous silent movie career. Bushman was a disciple of Eugen Sandow.Main article: Professional bodybuildingFrank Zane, a former professional bodybuilder and three-time Mr. Olympia.In the modern bodybuilding industry, "professional" generally means a bodybuilder who has won qualifying competitions as an amateur and has earned a "pro card" from their respective organization. Professionals earn the right to compete in competitions that include monetary prizes. Depending on the level of success, these bodybuilders may receive monetary compensation from sponsors, much like athletes in other sports.